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<?php declare(strict_types=1);

namespace
PhpParser;

use
PhpParser\Internal\DiffElem;
use
PhpParser\Internal\PrintableNewAnonClassNode;
use
PhpParser\Internal\TokenStream;
use
PhpParser\Node\Expr;
use
PhpParser\Node\Expr\AssignOp;
use
PhpParser\Node\Expr\BinaryOp;
use
PhpParser\Node\Expr\Cast;
use
PhpParser\Node\Scalar;
use
PhpParser\Node\Stmt;

abstract class
PrettyPrinterAbstract
{
    const
FIXUP_PREC_LEFT       = 0; // LHS operand affected by precedence
   
const FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT      = 1; // RHS operand affected by precedence
   
const FIXUP_CALL_LHS        = 2; // LHS of call
   
const FIXUP_DEREF_LHS       = 3; // LHS of dereferencing operation
   
const FIXUP_BRACED_NAME     = 4; // Name operand that may require bracing
   
const FIXUP_VAR_BRACED_NAME = 5; // Name operand that may require ${} bracing
   
const FIXUP_ENCAPSED        = 6; // Encapsed string part

   
protected $precedenceMap = [
       
// [precedence, associativity]
        // where for precedence -1 is %left, 0 is %nonassoc and 1 is %right
       
BinaryOp\Pow::class            => [  0,  1],
       
Expr\BitwiseNot::class         => [ 10,  1],
       
Expr\PreInc::class             => [ 10,  1],
       
Expr\PreDec::class             => [ 10,  1],
       
Expr\PostInc::class            => [ 10, -1],
       
Expr\PostDec::class            => [ 10, -1],
       
Expr\UnaryPlus::class          => [ 10,  1],
       
Expr\UnaryMinus::class         => [ 10,  1],
       
Cast\Int_::class               => [ 10,  1],
       
Cast\Double::class             => [ 10,  1],
       
Cast\String_::class            => [ 10,  1],
       
Cast\Array_::class             => [ 10,  1],
       
Cast\Object_::class            => [ 10,  1],
       
Cast\Bool_::class              => [ 10,  1],
       
Cast\Unset_::class             => [ 10,  1],
       
Expr\ErrorSuppress::class      => [ 10,  1],
       
Expr\Instanceof_::class        => [ 20,  0],
       
Expr\BooleanNot::class         => [ 30,  1],
       
BinaryOp\Mul::class            => [ 40, -1],
       
BinaryOp\Div::class            => [ 40, -1],
       
BinaryOp\Mod::class            => [ 40, -1],
       
BinaryOp\Plus::class           => [ 50, -1],
       
BinaryOp\Minus::class          => [ 50, -1],
       
BinaryOp\Concat::class         => [ 50, -1],
       
BinaryOp\ShiftLeft::class      => [ 60, -1],
       
BinaryOp\ShiftRight::class     => [ 60, -1],
       
BinaryOp\Smaller::class        => [ 70,  0],
       
BinaryOp\SmallerOrEqual::class => [ 70,  0],
       
BinaryOp\Greater::class        => [ 70,  0],
       
BinaryOp\GreaterOrEqual::class => [ 70,  0],
       
BinaryOp\Equal::class          => [ 80,  0],
       
BinaryOp\NotEqual::class       => [ 80,  0],
       
BinaryOp\Identical::class      => [ 80,  0],
       
BinaryOp\NotIdentical::class   => [ 80,  0],
       
BinaryOp\Spaceship::class      => [ 80,  0],
       
BinaryOp\BitwiseAnd::class     => [ 90, -1],
       
BinaryOp\BitwiseXor::class     => [100, -1],
       
BinaryOp\BitwiseOr::class      => [110, -1],
       
BinaryOp\BooleanAnd::class     => [120, -1],
       
BinaryOp\BooleanOr::class      => [130, -1],
       
BinaryOp\Coalesce::class       => [140,  1],
       
Expr\Ternary::class            => [150, -1],
       
// parser uses %left for assignments, but they really behave as %right
       
Expr\Assign::class             => [160,  1],
       
Expr\AssignRef::class          => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\Plus::class           => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\Minus::class          => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\Mul::class            => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\Div::class            => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\Concat::class         => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\Mod::class            => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\BitwiseAnd::class     => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\BitwiseOr::class      => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\BitwiseXor::class     => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\ShiftLeft::class      => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\ShiftRight::class     => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\Pow::class            => [160,  1],
       
AssignOp\Coalesce::class       => [160,  1],
       
Expr\YieldFrom::class          => [165,  1],
       
Expr\Print_::class             => [168,  1],
       
BinaryOp\LogicalAnd::class     => [170, -1],
       
BinaryOp\LogicalXor::class     => [180, -1],
       
BinaryOp\LogicalOr::class      => [190, -1],
       
Expr\Include_::class           => [200, -1],
    ];

   
/** @var int Current indentation level. */
   
protected $indentLevel;
   
/** @var string Newline including current indentation. */
   
protected $nl;
   
/** @var string Token placed at end of doc string to ensure it is followed by a newline. */
   
protected $docStringEndToken;
   
/** @var bool Whether semicolon namespaces can be used (i.e. no global namespace is used) */
   
protected $canUseSemicolonNamespaces;
   
/** @var array Pretty printer options */
   
protected $options;

   
/** @var TokenStream Original tokens for use in format-preserving pretty print */
   
protected $origTokens;
   
/** @var Internal\Differ Differ for node lists */
   
protected $nodeListDiffer;
   
/** @var bool[] Map determining whether a certain character is a label character */
   
protected $labelCharMap;
   
/**
     * @var int[][] Map from token classes and subnode names to FIXUP_* constants. This is used
     *              during format-preserving prints to place additional parens/braces if necessary.
     */
   
protected $fixupMap;
   
/**
     * @var int[][] Map from "{$node->getType()}->{$subNode}" to ['left' => $l, 'right' => $r],
     *              where $l and $r specify the token type that needs to be stripped when removing
     *              this node.
     */
   
protected $removalMap;
   
/**
     * @var mixed[] Map from "{$node->getType()}->{$subNode}" to [$find, $beforeToken, $extraLeft, $extraRight].
     *              $find is an optional token after which the insertion occurs. $extraLeft/Right
     *              are optionally added before/after the main insertions.
     */
   
protected $insertionMap;
   
/**
     * @var string[] Map From "{$node->getType()}->{$subNode}" to string that should be inserted
     *               between elements of this list subnode.
     */
   
protected $listInsertionMap;
    protected
$emptyListInsertionMap;
   
/** @var int[] Map from "{$node->getType()}->{$subNode}" to token before which the modifiers
     *             should be reprinted. */
   
protected $modifierChangeMap;

   
/**
     * Creates a pretty printer instance using the given options.
     *
     * Supported options:
     *  * bool $shortArraySyntax = false: Whether to use [] instead of array() as the default array
     *                                    syntax, if the node does not specify a format.
     *
     * @param array $options Dictionary of formatting options
     */
   
public function __construct(array $options = []) {
       
$this->docStringEndToken = '_DOC_STRING_END_' . mt_rand();

       
$defaultOptions = ['shortArraySyntax' => false];
       
$this->options = $options + $defaultOptions;
    }

   
/**
     * Reset pretty printing state.
     */
   
protected function resetState() {
       
$this->indentLevel = 0;
       
$this->nl = "\n";
       
$this->origTokens = null;
    }

   
/**
     * Set indentation level
     *
     * @param int $level Level in number of spaces
     */
   
protected function setIndentLevel(int $level) {
       
$this->indentLevel = $level;
       
$this->nl = "\n" . \str_repeat(' ', $level);
    }

   
/**
     * Increase indentation level.
     */
   
protected function indent() {
       
$this->indentLevel += 4;
       
$this->nl .= '    ';
    }

   
/**
     * Decrease indentation level.
     */
   
protected function outdent() {
       
assert($this->indentLevel >= 4);
       
$this->indentLevel -= 4;
       
$this->nl = "\n" . str_repeat(' ', $this->indentLevel);
    }

   
/**
     * Pretty prints an array of statements.
     *
     * @param Node[] $stmts Array of statements
     *
     * @return string Pretty printed statements
     */
   
public function prettyPrint(array $stmts) : string {
       
$this->resetState();
       
$this->preprocessNodes($stmts);

        return
ltrim($this->handleMagicTokens($this->pStmts($stmts, false)));
    }

   
/**
     * Pretty prints an expression.
     *
     * @param Expr $node Expression node
     *
     * @return string Pretty printed node
     */
   
public function prettyPrintExpr(Expr $node) : string {
       
$this->resetState();
        return
$this->handleMagicTokens($this->p($node));
    }

   
/**
     * Pretty prints a file of statements (includes the opening <?php tag if it is required).
     *
     * @param Node[] $stmts Array of statements
     *
     * @return string Pretty printed statements
     */
   
public function prettyPrintFile(array $stmts) : string {
        if (!
$stmts) {
            return
"<?php\n\n";
        }

       
$p = "<?php\n\n" . $this->prettyPrint($stmts);

        if (
$stmts[0] instanceof Stmt\InlineHTML) {
           
$p = preg_replace('/^<\?php\s+\?>\n?/', '', $p);
        }
        if (
$stmts[count($stmts) - 1] instanceof Stmt\InlineHTML) {
           
$p = preg_replace('/<\?php$/', '', rtrim($p));
        }

        return
$p;
    }

   
/**
     * Preprocesses the top-level nodes to initialize pretty printer state.
     *
     * @param Node[] $nodes Array of nodes
     */
   
protected function preprocessNodes(array $nodes) {
       
/* We can use semicolon-namespaces unless there is a global namespace declaration */
       
$this->canUseSemicolonNamespaces = true;
        foreach (
$nodes as $node) {
            if (
$node instanceof Stmt\Namespace_ && null === $node->name) {
               
$this->canUseSemicolonNamespaces = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

   
/**
     * Handles (and removes) no-indent and doc-string-end tokens.
     *
     * @param string $str
     * @return string
     */
   
protected function handleMagicTokens(string $str) : string {
       
// Replace doc-string-end tokens with nothing or a newline
       
$str = str_replace($this->docStringEndToken . ";\n", ";\n", $str);
       
$str = str_replace($this->docStringEndToken, "\n", $str);

        return
$str;
    }

   
/**
     * Pretty prints an array of nodes (statements) and indents them optionally.
     *
     * @param Node[] $nodes  Array of nodes
     * @param bool   $indent Whether to indent the printed nodes
     *
     * @return string Pretty printed statements
     */
   
protected function pStmts(array $nodes, bool $indent = true) : string {
        if (
$indent) {
           
$this->indent();
        }

       
$result = '';
        foreach (
$nodes as $node) {
           
$comments = $node->getComments();
            if (
$comments) {
               
$result .= $this->nl . $this->pComments($comments);
                if (
$node instanceof Stmt\Nop) {
                    continue;
                }
            }

           
$result .= $this->nl . $this->p($node);
        }

        if (
$indent) {
           
$this->outdent();
        }

        return
$result;
    }

   
/**
     * Pretty-print an infix operation while taking precedence into account.
     *
     * @param string $class          Node class of operator
     * @param Node   $leftNode       Left-hand side node
     * @param string $operatorString String representation of the operator
     * @param Node   $rightNode      Right-hand side node
     *
     * @return string Pretty printed infix operation
     */
   
protected function pInfixOp(string $class, Node $leftNode, string $operatorString, Node $rightNode) : string {
        list(
$precedence, $associativity) = $this->precedenceMap[$class];

        return
$this->pPrec($leftNode, $precedence, $associativity, -1)
             .
$operatorString
             
. $this->pPrec($rightNode, $precedence, $associativity, 1);
    }

   
/**
     * Pretty-print a prefix operation while taking precedence into account.
     *
     * @param string $class          Node class of operator
     * @param string $operatorString String representation of the operator
     * @param Node   $node           Node
     *
     * @return string Pretty printed prefix operation
     */
   
protected function pPrefixOp(string $class, string $operatorString, Node $node) : string {
        list(
$precedence, $associativity) = $this->precedenceMap[$class];
        return
$operatorString . $this->pPrec($node, $precedence, $associativity, 1);
    }

   
/**
     * Pretty-print a postfix operation while taking precedence into account.
     *
     * @param string $class          Node class of operator
     * @param string $operatorString String representation of the operator
     * @param Node   $node           Node
     *
     * @return string Pretty printed postfix operation
     */
   
protected function pPostfixOp(string $class, Node $node, string $operatorString) : string {
        list(
$precedence, $associativity) = $this->precedenceMap[$class];
        return
$this->pPrec($node, $precedence, $associativity, -1) . $operatorString;
    }

   
/**
     * Prints an expression node with the least amount of parentheses necessary to preserve the meaning.
     *
     * @param Node $node                Node to pretty print
     * @param int  $parentPrecedence    Precedence of the parent operator
     * @param int  $parentAssociativity Associativity of parent operator
     *                                  (-1 is left, 0 is nonassoc, 1 is right)
     * @param int  $childPosition       Position of the node relative to the operator
     *                                  (-1 is left, 1 is right)
     *
     * @return string The pretty printed node
     */
   
protected function pPrec(Node $node, int $parentPrecedence, int $parentAssociativity, int $childPosition) : string {
       
$class = \get_class($node);
        if (isset(
$this->precedenceMap[$class])) {
           
$childPrecedence = $this->precedenceMap[$class][0];
            if (
$childPrecedence > $parentPrecedence
               
|| ($parentPrecedence === $childPrecedence && $parentAssociativity !== $childPosition)
            ) {
                return
'(' . $this->p($node) . ')';
            }
        }

        return
$this->p($node);
    }

   
/**
     * Pretty prints an array of nodes and implodes the printed values.
     *
     * @param Node[] $nodes Array of Nodes to be printed
     * @param string $glue  Character to implode with
     *
     * @return string Imploded pretty printed nodes
     */
   
protected function pImplode(array $nodes, string $glue = '') : string {
       
$pNodes = [];
        foreach (
$nodes as $node) {
            if (
null === $node) {
               
$pNodes[] = '';
            } else {
               
$pNodes[] = $this->p($node);
            }
        }

        return
implode($glue, $pNodes);
    }

   
/**
     * Pretty prints an array of nodes and implodes the printed values with commas.
     *
     * @param Node[] $nodes Array of Nodes to be printed
     *
     * @return string Comma separated pretty printed nodes
     */
   
protected function pCommaSeparated(array $nodes) : string {
        return
$this->pImplode($nodes, ', ');
    }

   
/**
     * Pretty prints a comma-separated list of nodes in multiline style, including comments.
     *
     * The result includes a leading newline and one level of indentation (same as pStmts).
     *
     * @param Node[] $nodes         Array of Nodes to be printed
     * @param bool   $trailingComma Whether to use a trailing comma
     *
     * @return string Comma separated pretty printed nodes in multiline style
     */
   
protected function pCommaSeparatedMultiline(array $nodes, bool $trailingComma) : string {
       
$this->indent();

       
$result = '';
       
$lastIdx = count($nodes) - 1;
        foreach (
$nodes as $idx => $node) {
            if (
$node !== null) {
               
$comments = $node->getComments();
                if (
$comments) {
                   
$result .= $this->nl . $this->pComments($comments);
                }

               
$result .= $this->nl . $this->p($node);
            } else {
               
$result .= $this->nl;
            }
            if (
$trailingComma || $idx !== $lastIdx) {
               
$result .= ',';
            }
        }

       
$this->outdent();
        return
$result;
    }

   
/**
     * Prints reformatted text of the passed comments.
     *
     * @param Comment[] $comments List of comments
     *
     * @return string Reformatted text of comments
     */
   
protected function pComments(array $comments) : string {
       
$formattedComments = [];

        foreach (
$comments as $comment) {
           
$formattedComments[] = str_replace("\n", $this->nl, $comment->getReformattedText());
        }

        return
implode($this->nl, $formattedComments);
    }

   
/**
     * Perform a format-preserving pretty print of an AST.
     *
     * The format preservation is best effort. For some changes to the AST the formatting will not
     * be preserved (at least not locally).
     *
     * In order to use this method a number of prerequisites must be satisfied:
     *  * The startTokenPos and endTokenPos attributes in the lexer must be enabled.
     *  * The CloningVisitor must be run on the AST prior to modification.
     *  * The original tokens must be provided, using the getTokens() method on the lexer.
     *
     * @param Node[] $stmts      Modified AST with links to original AST
     * @param Node[] $origStmts  Original AST with token offset information
     * @param array  $origTokens Tokens of the original code
     *
     * @return string
     */
   
public function printFormatPreserving(array $stmts, array $origStmts, array $origTokens) : string {
       
$this->initializeNodeListDiffer();
       
$this->initializeLabelCharMap();
       
$this->initializeFixupMap();
       
$this->initializeRemovalMap();
       
$this->initializeInsertionMap();
       
$this->initializeListInsertionMap();
       
$this->initializeEmptyListInsertionMap();
       
$this->initializeModifierChangeMap();

       
$this->resetState();
       
$this->origTokens = new TokenStream($origTokens);

       
$this->preprocessNodes($stmts);

       
$pos = 0;
       
$result = $this->pArray($stmts, $origStmts, $pos, 0, 'File', 'stmts', null);
        if (
null !== $result) {
           
$result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode($pos, count($origTokens), 0);
        } else {
           
// Fallback
            // TODO Add <?php properly
           
$result = "<?php\n" . $this->pStmts($stmts, false);
        }

        return
ltrim($this->handleMagicTokens($result));
    }

    protected function
pFallback(Node $node) {
        return
$this->{'p' . $node->getType()}($node);
    }

   
/**
     * Pretty prints a node.
     *
     * This method also handles formatting preservation for nodes.
     *
     * @param Node $node Node to be pretty printed
     * @param bool $parentFormatPreserved Whether parent node has preserved formatting
     *
     * @return string Pretty printed node
     */
   
protected function p(Node $node, $parentFormatPreserved = false) : string {
       
// No orig tokens means this is a normal pretty print without preservation of formatting
       
if (!$this->origTokens) {
            return
$this->{'p' . $node->getType()}($node);
        }

       
/** @var Node $origNode */
       
$origNode = $node->getAttribute('origNode');
        if (
null === $origNode) {
            return
$this->pFallback($node);
        }

       
$class = \get_class($node);
        \
assert($class === \get_class($origNode));

       
$startPos = $origNode->getStartTokenPos();
       
$endPos = $origNode->getEndTokenPos();
        \
assert($startPos >= 0 && $endPos >= 0);

       
$fallbackNode = $node;
        if (
$node instanceof Expr\New_ && $node->class instanceof Stmt\Class_) {
           
// Normalize node structure of anonymous classes
           
$node = PrintableNewAnonClassNode::fromNewNode($node);
           
$origNode = PrintableNewAnonClassNode::fromNewNode($origNode);
        }

       
// InlineHTML node does not contain closing and opening PHP tags. If the parent formatting
        // is not preserved, then we need to use the fallback code to make sure the tags are
        // printed.
       
if ($node instanceof Stmt\InlineHTML && !$parentFormatPreserved) {
            return
$this->pFallback($fallbackNode);
        }

       
$indentAdjustment = $this->indentLevel - $this->origTokens->getIndentationBefore($startPos);

       
$type = $node->getType();
       
$fixupInfo = $this->fixupMap[$class] ?? null;

       
$result = '';
       
$pos = $startPos;
        foreach (
$node->getSubNodeNames() as $subNodeName) {
           
$subNode = $node->$subNodeName;
           
$origSubNode = $origNode->$subNodeName;

            if ((!
$subNode instanceof Node && $subNode !== null)
                || (!
$origSubNode instanceof Node && $origSubNode !== null)
            ) {
                if (
$subNode === $origSubNode) {
                   
// Unchanged, can reuse old code
                   
continue;
                }

                if (
is_array($subNode) && is_array($origSubNode)) {
                   
// Array subnode changed, we might be able to reconstruct it
                   
$listResult = $this->pArray(
                       
$subNode, $origSubNode, $pos, $indentAdjustment, $type, $subNodeName,
                       
$fixupInfo[$subNodeName] ?? null
                   
);
                    if (
null === $listResult) {
                        return
$this->pFallback($fallbackNode);
                    }

                   
$result .= $listResult;
                    continue;
                }

                if (
is_int($subNode) && is_int($origSubNode)) {
                   
// Check if this is a modifier change
                   
$key = $type . '->' . $subNodeName;
                    if (!isset(
$this->modifierChangeMap[$key])) {
                        return
$this->pFallback($fallbackNode);
                    }

                   
$findToken = $this->modifierChangeMap[$key];
                   
$result .= $this->pModifiers($subNode);
                   
$pos = $this->origTokens->findRight($pos, $findToken);
                    continue;
                }

               
// If a non-node, non-array subnode changed, we don't be able to do a partial
                // reconstructions, as we don't have enough offset information. Pretty print the
                // whole node instead.
               
return $this->pFallback($fallbackNode);
            }

           
$extraLeft = '';
           
$extraRight = '';
            if (
$origSubNode !== null) {
               
$subStartPos = $origSubNode->getStartTokenPos();
               
$subEndPos = $origSubNode->getEndTokenPos();
                \
assert($subStartPos >= 0 && $subEndPos >= 0);
            } else {
                if (
$subNode === null) {
                   
// Both null, nothing to do
                   
continue;
                }

               
// A node has been inserted, check if we have insertion information for it
               
$key = $type . '->' . $subNodeName;
                if (!isset(
$this->insertionMap[$key])) {
                    return
$this->pFallback($fallbackNode);
                }

                list(
$findToken, $beforeToken, $extraLeft, $extraRight) = $this->insertionMap[$key];
                if (
null !== $findToken) {
                   
$subStartPos = $this->origTokens->findRight($pos, $findToken)
                        + (int) !
$beforeToken;
                } else {
                   
$subStartPos = $pos;
                }

                if (
null === $extraLeft && null !== $extraRight) {
                   
// If inserting on the right only, skipping whitespace looks better
                   
$subStartPos = $this->origTokens->skipRightWhitespace($subStartPos);
                }
               
$subEndPos = $subStartPos - 1;
            }

            if (
null === $subNode) {
               
// A node has been removed, check if we have removal information for it
               
$key = $type . '->' . $subNodeName;
                if (!isset(
$this->removalMap[$key])) {
                    return
$this->pFallback($fallbackNode);
                }

               
// Adjust positions to account for additional tokens that must be skipped
               
$removalInfo = $this->removalMap[$key];
                if (isset(
$removalInfo['left'])) {
                   
$subStartPos = $this->origTokens->skipLeft($subStartPos - 1, $removalInfo['left']) + 1;
                }
                if (isset(
$removalInfo['right'])) {
                   
$subEndPos = $this->origTokens->skipRight($subEndPos + 1, $removalInfo['right']) - 1;
                }
            }

           
$result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode($pos, $subStartPos, $indentAdjustment);

            if (
null !== $subNode) {
               
$result .= $extraLeft;

               
$origIndentLevel = $this->indentLevel;
               
$this->setIndentLevel($this->origTokens->getIndentationBefore($subStartPos) + $indentAdjustment);

               
// If it's the same node that was previously in this position, it certainly doesn't
                // need fixup. It's important to check this here, because our fixup checks are more
                // conservative than strictly necessary.
               
if (isset($fixupInfo[$subNodeName])
                    &&
$subNode->getAttribute('origNode') !== $origSubNode
               
) {
                   
$fixup = $fixupInfo[$subNodeName];
                   
$res = $this->pFixup($fixup, $subNode, $class, $subStartPos, $subEndPos);
                } else {
                   
$res = $this->p($subNode, true);
                }

               
$this->safeAppend($result, $res);
               
$this->setIndentLevel($origIndentLevel);

               
$result .= $extraRight;
            }

           
$pos = $subEndPos + 1;
        }

       
$result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode($pos, $endPos + 1, $indentAdjustment);
        return
$result;
    }

   
/**
     * Perform a format-preserving pretty print of an array.
     *
     * @param array       $nodes            New nodes
     * @param array       $origNodes        Original nodes
     * @param int         $pos              Current token position (updated by reference)
     * @param int         $indentAdjustment Adjustment for indentation
     * @param string      $parentNodeType   Type of the containing node.
     * @param string      $subNodeName      Name of array subnode.
     * @param null|int    $fixup            Fixup information for array item nodes
     *
     * @return null|string Result of pretty print or null if cannot preserve formatting
     */
   
protected function pArray(
        array
$nodes, array $origNodes, int &$pos, int $indentAdjustment,
       
string $parentNodeType, string $subNodeName, $fixup
   
) {
       
$diff = $this->nodeListDiffer->diffWithReplacements($origNodes, $nodes);

       
$mapKey = $parentNodeType . '->' . $subNodeName;
       
$insertStr = $this->listInsertionMap[$mapKey] ?? null;
       
$isStmtList = $subNodeName === 'stmts';

       
$beforeFirstKeepOrReplace = true;
       
$skipRemovedNode = false;
       
$delayedAdd = [];
       
$lastElemIndentLevel = $this->indentLevel;

       
$insertNewline = false;
        if (
$insertStr === "\n") {
           
$insertStr = '';
           
$insertNewline = true;
        }

        if (
$isStmtList && \count($origNodes) === 1 && \count($nodes) !== 1) {
           
$startPos = $origNodes[0]->getStartTokenPos();
           
$endPos = $origNodes[0]->getEndTokenPos();
            \
assert($startPos >= 0 && $endPos >= 0);
            if (!
$this->origTokens->haveBraces($startPos, $endPos)) {
               
// This was a single statement without braces, but either additional statements
                // have been added, or the single statement has been removed. This requires the
                // addition of braces. For now fall back.
                // TODO: Try to preserve formatting
               
return null;
            }
        }

       
$result = '';
        foreach (
$diff as $i => $diffElem) {
           
$diffType = $diffElem->type;
           
/** @var Node|null $arrItem */
           
$arrItem = $diffElem->new;
           
/** @var Node|null $origArrItem */
           
$origArrItem = $diffElem->old;

            if (
$diffType === DiffElem::TYPE_KEEP || $diffType === DiffElem::TYPE_REPLACE) {
               
$beforeFirstKeepOrReplace = false;

                if (
$origArrItem === null || $arrItem === null) {
                   
// We can only handle the case where both are null
                   
if ($origArrItem === $arrItem) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    return
null;
                }

                if (!
$arrItem instanceof Node || !$origArrItem instanceof Node) {
                   
// We can only deal with nodes. This can occur for Names, which use string arrays.
                   
return null;
                }

               
$itemStartPos = $origArrItem->getStartTokenPos();
               
$itemEndPos = $origArrItem->getEndTokenPos();
                \
assert($itemStartPos >= 0 && $itemEndPos >= 0 && $itemStartPos >= $pos);

               
$origIndentLevel = $this->indentLevel;
               
$lastElemIndentLevel = $this->origTokens->getIndentationBefore($itemStartPos) + $indentAdjustment;
               
$this->setIndentLevel($lastElemIndentLevel);

               
$comments = $arrItem->getComments();
               
$origComments = $origArrItem->getComments();
               
$commentStartPos = $origComments ? $origComments[0]->getStartTokenPos() : $itemStartPos;
                \
assert($commentStartPos >= 0);

                if (
$commentStartPos < $pos) {
                   
// Comments may be assigned to multiple nodes if they start at the same position.
                    // Make sure we don't try to print them multiple times.
                   
$commentStartPos = $itemStartPos;
                }

                if (
$skipRemovedNode) {
                    if (
$isStmtList && $this->origTokens->haveBracesInRange($pos, $itemStartPos)) {
                       
// We'd remove the brace of a code block.
                        // TODO: Preserve formatting.
                       
$this->setIndentLevel($origIndentLevel);
                        return
null;
                    }
                } else {
                   
$result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode(
                       
$pos, $commentStartPos, $indentAdjustment);
                }

                if (!empty(
$delayedAdd)) {
                   
/** @var Node $delayedAddNode */
                   
foreach ($delayedAdd as $delayedAddNode) {
                        if (
$insertNewline) {
                           
$delayedAddComments = $delayedAddNode->getComments();
                            if (
$delayedAddComments) {
                               
$result .= $this->pComments($delayedAddComments) . $this->nl;
                            }
                        }

                       
$this->safeAppend($result, $this->p($delayedAddNode, true));

                        if (
$insertNewline) {
                           
$result .= $insertStr . $this->nl;
                        } else {
                           
$result .= $insertStr;
                        }
                    }

                   
$delayedAdd = [];
                }

                if (
$comments !== $origComments) {
                    if (
$comments) {
                       
$result .= $this->pComments($comments) . $this->nl;
                    }
                } else {
                   
$result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode(
                       
$commentStartPos, $itemStartPos, $indentAdjustment);
                }

               
// If we had to remove anything, we have done so now.
               
$skipRemovedNode = false;
            } elseif (
$diffType === DiffElem::TYPE_ADD) {
                if (
null === $insertStr) {
                   
// We don't have insertion information for this list type
                   
return null;
                }

                if (
$insertStr === ', ' && $this->isMultiline($origNodes)) {
                   
$insertStr = ',';
                   
$insertNewline = true;
                }

                if (
$beforeFirstKeepOrReplace) {
                   
// Will be inserted at the next "replace" or "keep" element
                   
$delayedAdd[] = $arrItem;
                    continue;
                }

               
$itemStartPos = $pos;
               
$itemEndPos = $pos - 1;

               
$origIndentLevel = $this->indentLevel;
               
$this->setIndentLevel($lastElemIndentLevel);

                if (
$insertNewline) {
                   
$comments = $arrItem->getComments();
                    if (
$comments) {
                       
$result .= $this->nl . $this->pComments($comments);
                    }
                   
$result .= $insertStr . $this->nl;
                } else {
                   
$result .= $insertStr;
                }
            } elseif (
$diffType === DiffElem::TYPE_REMOVE) {
                if (!
$origArrItem instanceof Node) {
                   
// We only support removal for nodes
                   
return null;
                }

               
$itemStartPos = $origArrItem->getStartTokenPos();
               
$itemEndPos = $origArrItem->getEndTokenPos();
                \
assert($itemStartPos >= 0 && $itemEndPos >= 0);

               
// Consider comments part of the node.
               
$origComments = $origArrItem->getComments();
                if (
$origComments) {
                   
$itemStartPos = $origComments[0]->getStartTokenPos();
                }

                if (
$i === 0) {
                   
// If we're removing from the start, keep the tokens before the node and drop those after it,
                    // instead of the other way around.
                   
$result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode(
                       
$pos, $itemStartPos, $indentAdjustment);
                   
$skipRemovedNode = true;
                } else {
                    if (
$isStmtList && $this->origTokens->haveBracesInRange($pos, $itemStartPos)) {
                       
// We'd remove the brace of a code block.
                        // TODO: Preserve formatting.
                       
return null;
                    }
                }

               
$pos = $itemEndPos + 1;
                continue;
            } else {
                throw new \
Exception("Shouldn't happen");
            }

            if (
null !== $fixup && $arrItem->getAttribute('origNode') !== $origArrItem) {
               
$res = $this->pFixup($fixup, $arrItem, null, $itemStartPos, $itemEndPos);
            } else {
               
$res = $this->p($arrItem, true);
            }
           
$this->safeAppend($result, $res);

           
$this->setIndentLevel($origIndentLevel);
           
$pos = $itemEndPos + 1;
        }

        if (
$skipRemovedNode) {
           
// TODO: Support removing single node.
           
return null;
        }

        if (!empty(
$delayedAdd)) {
            if (!isset(
$this->emptyListInsertionMap[$mapKey])) {
                return
null;
            }

            list(
$findToken, $extraLeft, $extraRight) = $this->emptyListInsertionMap[$mapKey];
            if (
null !== $findToken) {
               
$insertPos = $this->origTokens->findRight($pos, $findToken) + 1;
               
$result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode($pos, $insertPos, $indentAdjustment);
               
$pos = $insertPos;
            }

           
$first = true;
           
$result .= $extraLeft;
            foreach (
$delayedAdd as $delayedAddNode) {
                if (!
$first) {
                   
$result .= $insertStr;
                }
               
$result .= $this->p($delayedAddNode, true);
               
$first = false;
            }
           
$result .= $extraRight;
        }

        return
$result;
    }

   
/**
     * Print node with fixups.
     *
     * Fixups here refer to the addition of extra parentheses, braces or other characters, that
     * are required to preserve program semantics in a certain context (e.g. to maintain precedence
     * or because only certain expressions are allowed in certain places).
     *
     * @param int         $fixup       Fixup type
     * @param Node        $subNode     Subnode to print
     * @param string|null $parentClass Class of parent node
     * @param int         $subStartPos Original start pos of subnode
     * @param int         $subEndPos   Original end pos of subnode
     *
     * @return string Result of fixed-up print of subnode
     */
   
protected function pFixup(int $fixup, Node $subNode, $parentClass, int $subStartPos, int $subEndPos) : string {
        switch (
$fixup) {
            case
self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT:
            case
self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT:
                if (!
$this->origTokens->haveParens($subStartPos, $subEndPos)) {
                    list(
$precedence, $associativity) = $this->precedenceMap[$parentClass];
                    return
$this->pPrec($subNode, $precedence, $associativity,
                       
$fixup === self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT ? -1 : 1);
                }
                break;
            case
self::FIXUP_CALL_LHS:
                if (
$this->callLhsRequiresParens($subNode)
                    && !
$this->origTokens->haveParens($subStartPos, $subEndPos)
                ) {
                    return
'(' . $this->p($subNode) . ')';
                }
                break;
            case
self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS:
                if (
$this->dereferenceLhsRequiresParens($subNode)
                    && !
$this->origTokens->haveParens($subStartPos, $subEndPos)
                ) {
                    return
'(' . $this->p($subNode) . ')';
                }
                break;
            case
self::FIXUP_BRACED_NAME:
            case
self::FIXUP_VAR_BRACED_NAME:
                if (
$subNode instanceof Expr
                   
&& !$this->origTokens->haveBraces($subStartPos, $subEndPos)
                ) {
                    return (
$fixup === self::FIXUP_VAR_BRACED_NAME ? '$' : '')
                        .
'{' . $this->p($subNode) . '}';
                }
                break;
            case
self::FIXUP_ENCAPSED:
                if (!
$subNode instanceof Scalar\EncapsedStringPart
                   
&& !$this->origTokens->haveBraces($subStartPos, $subEndPos)
                ) {
                    return
'{' . $this->p($subNode) . '}';
                }
                break;
            default:
                throw new \
Exception('Cannot happen');
        }

       
// Nothing special to do
       
return $this->p($subNode);
    }

   
/**
     * Appends to a string, ensuring whitespace between label characters.
     *
     * Example: "echo" and "$x" result in "echo$x", but "echo" and "x" result in "echo x".
     * Without safeAppend the result would be "echox", which does not preserve semantics.
     *
     * @param string $str
     * @param string $append
     */
   
protected function safeAppend(string &$str, string $append) {
        if (
$str === "") {
           
$str = $append;
            return;
        }

        if (
$append === "") {
            return;
        }

        if (!
$this->labelCharMap[$append[0]]
                || !
$this->labelCharMap[$str[\strlen($str) - 1]]) {
           
$str .= $append;
        } else {
           
$str .= " " . $append;
        }
    }

   
/**
     * Determines whether the LHS of a call must be wrapped in parenthesis.
     *
     * @param Node $node LHS of a call
     *
     * @return bool Whether parentheses are required
     */
   
protected function callLhsRequiresParens(Node $node) : bool {
        return !(
$node instanceof Node\Name
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\Variable
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\ArrayDimFetch
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\FuncCall
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\MethodCall
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\NullsafeMethodCall
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\StaticCall
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\Array_);
    }

   
/**
     * Determines whether the LHS of a dereferencing operation must be wrapped in parenthesis.
     *
     * @param Node $node LHS of dereferencing operation
     *
     * @return bool Whether parentheses are required
     */
   
protected function dereferenceLhsRequiresParens(Node $node) : bool {
        return !(
$node instanceof Expr\Variable
           
|| $node instanceof Node\Name
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\ArrayDimFetch
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\PropertyFetch
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\NullsafePropertyFetch
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\StaticPropertyFetch
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\FuncCall
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\MethodCall
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\NullsafeMethodCall
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\StaticCall
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\Array_
           
|| $node instanceof Scalar\String_
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\ConstFetch
           
|| $node instanceof Expr\ClassConstFetch);
    }

   
/**
     * Print modifiers, including trailing whitespace.
     *
     * @param int $modifiers Modifier mask to print
     *
     * @return string Printed modifiers
     */
   
protected function pModifiers(int $modifiers) {
        return (
$modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_PUBLIC    ? 'public '    : '')
             . (
$modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_PROTECTED ? 'protected ' : '')
             . (
$modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_PRIVATE   ? 'private '   : '')
             . (
$modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_STATIC    ? 'static '    : '')
             . (
$modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_ABSTRACT  ? 'abstract '  : '')
             . (
$modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_FINAL     ? 'final '     : '');
    }

   
/**
     * Determine whether a list of nodes uses multiline formatting.
     *
     * @param (Node|null)[] $nodes Node list
     *
     * @return bool Whether multiline formatting is used
     */
   
protected function isMultiline(array $nodes) : bool {
        if (\
count($nodes) < 2) {
            return
false;
        }

       
$pos = -1;
        foreach (
$nodes as $node) {
            if (
null === $node) {
                continue;
            }

           
$endPos = $node->getEndTokenPos() + 1;
            if (
$pos >= 0) {
               
$text = $this->origTokens->getTokenCode($pos, $endPos, 0);
                if (
false === strpos($text, "\n")) {
                   
// We require that a newline is present between *every* item. If the formatting
                    // is inconsistent, with only some items having newlines, we don't consider it
                    // as multiline
                   
return false;
                }
            }
           
$pos = $endPos;
        }

        return
true;
    }

   
/**
     * Lazily initializes label char map.
     *
     * The label char map determines whether a certain character may occur in a label.
     */
   
protected function initializeLabelCharMap() {
        if (
$this->labelCharMap) return;

       
$this->labelCharMap = [];
        for (
$i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
           
// Since PHP 7.1 The lower range is 0x80. However, we also want to support code for
            // older versions.
           
$this->labelCharMap[chr($i)] = $i >= 0x7f || ctype_alnum($i);
        }
    }

   
/**
     * Lazily initializes node list differ.
     *
     * The node list differ is used to determine differences between two array subnodes.
     */
   
protected function initializeNodeListDiffer() {
        if (
$this->nodeListDiffer) return;

       
$this->nodeListDiffer = new Internal\Differ(function ($a, $b) {
            if (
$a instanceof Node && $b instanceof Node) {
                return
$a === $b->getAttribute('origNode');
            }
           
// Can happen for array destructuring
           
return $a === null && $b === null;
        });
    }

   
/**
     * Lazily initializes fixup map.
     *
     * The fixup map is used to determine whether a certain subnode of a certain node may require
     * some kind of "fixup" operation, e.g. the addition of parenthesis or braces.
     */
   
protected function initializeFixupMap() {
        if (
$this->fixupMap) return;

       
$this->fixupMap = [
           
Expr\PreInc::class => ['var' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT],
           
Expr\PreDec::class => ['var' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT],
           
Expr\PostInc::class => ['var' => self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT],
           
Expr\PostDec::class => ['var' => self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT],
           
Expr\Instanceof_::class => [
               
'expr' => self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT,
               
'class' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT, // TODO: FIXUP_NEW_VARIABLE
           
],
           
Expr\Ternary::class => [
               
'cond' => self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT,
               
'else' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT,
            ],

           
Expr\FuncCall::class => ['name' => self::FIXUP_CALL_LHS],
           
Expr\StaticCall::class => ['class' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS],
           
Expr\ArrayDimFetch::class => ['var' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS],
           
Expr\ClassConstFetch::class => ['var' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS],
           
Expr\New_::class => ['class' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS], // TODO: FIXUP_NEW_VARIABLE
           
Expr\MethodCall::class => [
               
'var' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS,
               
'name' => self::FIXUP_BRACED_NAME,
            ],
           
Expr\NullsafeMethodCall::class => [
               
'var' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS,
               
'name' => self::FIXUP_BRACED_NAME,
            ],
           
Expr\StaticPropertyFetch::class => [
               
'class' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS,
               
'name' => self::FIXUP_VAR_BRACED_NAME,
            ],
           
Expr\PropertyFetch::class => [
               
'var' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS,
               
'name' => self::FIXUP_BRACED_NAME,
            ],
           
Expr\NullsafePropertyFetch::class => [
               
'var' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS,
               
'name' => self::FIXUP_BRACED_NAME,
            ],
           
Scalar\Encapsed::class => [
               
'parts' => self::FIXUP_ENCAPSED,
            ],
        ];

       
$binaryOps = [
           
BinaryOp\Pow::class, BinaryOp\Mul::class, BinaryOp\Div::class, BinaryOp\Mod::class,
           
BinaryOp\Plus::class, BinaryOp\Minus::class, BinaryOp\Concat::class,
           
BinaryOp\ShiftLeft::class, BinaryOp\ShiftRight::class, BinaryOp\Smaller::class,
           
BinaryOp\SmallerOrEqual::class, BinaryOp\Greater::class, BinaryOp\GreaterOrEqual::class,
           
BinaryOp\Equal::class, BinaryOp\NotEqual::class, BinaryOp\Identical::class,
           
BinaryOp\NotIdentical::class, BinaryOp\Spaceship::class, BinaryOp\BitwiseAnd::class,
           
BinaryOp\BitwiseXor::class, BinaryOp\BitwiseOr::class, BinaryOp\BooleanAnd::class,
           
BinaryOp\BooleanOr::class, BinaryOp\Coalesce::class, BinaryOp\LogicalAnd::class,
           
BinaryOp\LogicalXor::class, BinaryOp\LogicalOr::class,
        ];
        foreach (
$binaryOps as $binaryOp) {
           
$this->fixupMap[$binaryOp] = [
               
'left' => self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT,
               
'right' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT
           
];
        }

       
$assignOps = [
           
Expr\Assign::class, Expr\AssignRef::class, AssignOp\Plus::class, AssignOp\Minus::class,
           
AssignOp\Mul::class, AssignOp\Div::class, AssignOp\Concat::class, AssignOp\Mod::class,
           
AssignOp\BitwiseAnd::class, AssignOp\BitwiseOr::class, AssignOp\BitwiseXor::class,
           
AssignOp\ShiftLeft::class, AssignOp\ShiftRight::class, AssignOp\Pow::class, AssignOp\Coalesce::class
        ];
        foreach (
$assignOps as $assignOp) {
           
$this->fixupMap[$assignOp] = [
               
'var' => self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT,
               
'expr' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT,
            ];
        }

       
$prefixOps = [
           
Expr\BitwiseNot::class, Expr\BooleanNot::class, Expr\UnaryPlus::class, Expr\UnaryMinus::class,
           
Cast\Int_::class, Cast\Double::class, Cast\String_::class, Cast\Array_::class,
           
Cast\Object_::class, Cast\Bool_::class, Cast\Unset_::class, Expr\ErrorSuppress::class,
           
Expr\YieldFrom::class, Expr\Print_::class, Expr\Include_::class,
        ];
        foreach (
$prefixOps as $prefixOp) {
           
$this->fixupMap[$prefixOp] = ['expr' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT];
        }
    }

   
/**
     * Lazily initializes the removal map.
     *
     * The removal map is used to determine which additional tokens should be returned when a
     * certain node is replaced by null.
     */
   
protected function initializeRemovalMap() {
        if (
$this->removalMap) return;

       
$stripBoth = ['left' => \T_WHITESPACE, 'right' => \T_WHITESPACE];
       
$stripLeft = ['left' => \T_WHITESPACE];
       
$stripRight = ['right' => \T_WHITESPACE];
       
$stripDoubleArrow = ['right' => \T_DOUBLE_ARROW];
       
$stripColon = ['left' => ':'];
       
$stripEquals = ['left' => '='];
       
$this->removalMap = [
           
'Expr_ArrayDimFetch->dim' => $stripBoth,
           
'Expr_ArrayItem->key' => $stripDoubleArrow,
           
'Expr_ArrowFunction->returnType' => $stripColon,
           
'Expr_Closure->returnType' => $stripColon,
           
'Expr_Exit->expr' => $stripBoth,
           
'Expr_Ternary->if' => $stripBoth,
           
'Expr_Yield->key' => $stripDoubleArrow,
           
'Expr_Yield->value' => $stripBoth,
           
'Param->type' => $stripRight,
           
'Param->default' => $stripEquals,
           
'Stmt_Break->num' => $stripBoth,
           
'Stmt_Catch->var' => $stripLeft,
           
'Stmt_ClassMethod->returnType' => $stripColon,
           
'Stmt_Class->extends' => ['left' => \T_EXTENDS],
           
'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->extends' => ['left' => \T_EXTENDS],
           
'Stmt_Continue->num' => $stripBoth,
           
'Stmt_Foreach->keyVar' => $stripDoubleArrow,
           
'Stmt_Function->returnType' => $stripColon,
           
'Stmt_If->else' => $stripLeft,
           
'Stmt_Namespace->name' => $stripLeft,
           
'Stmt_Property->type' => $stripRight,
           
'Stmt_PropertyProperty->default' => $stripEquals,
           
'Stmt_Return->expr' => $stripBoth,
           
'Stmt_StaticVar->default' => $stripEquals,
           
'Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Alias->newName' => $stripLeft,
           
'Stmt_TryCatch->finally' => $stripLeft,
           
// 'Stmt_Case->cond': Replace with "default"
            // 'Stmt_Class->name': Unclear what to do
            // 'Stmt_Declare->stmts': Not a plain node
            // 'Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Alias->newModifier': Not a plain node
       
];
    }

    protected function
initializeInsertionMap() {
        if (
$this->insertionMap) return;

       
// TODO: "yield" where both key and value are inserted doesn't work
        // [$find, $beforeToken, $extraLeft, $extraRight]
       
$this->insertionMap = [
           
'Expr_ArrayDimFetch->dim' => ['[', false, null, null],
           
'Expr_ArrayItem->key' => [null, false, null, ' => '],
           
'Expr_ArrowFunction->returnType' => [')', false, ' : ', null],
           
'Expr_Closure->returnType' => [')', false, ' : ', null],
           
'Expr_Ternary->if' => ['?', false, ' ', ' '],
           
'Expr_Yield->key' => [\T_YIELD, false, null, ' => '],
           
'Expr_Yield->value' => [\T_YIELD, false, ' ', null],
           
'Param->type' => [null, false, null, ' '],
           
'Param->default' => [null, false, ' = ', null],
           
'Stmt_Break->num' => [\T_BREAK, false, ' ', null],
           
'Stmt_Catch->var' => [null, false, ' ', null],
           
'Stmt_ClassMethod->returnType' => [')', false, ' : ', null],
           
'Stmt_Class->extends' => [null, false, ' extends ', null],
           
'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->extends' => [null, ' extends ', null],
           
'Stmt_Continue->num' => [\T_CONTINUE, false, ' ', null],
           
'Stmt_Foreach->keyVar' => [\T_AS, false, null, ' => '],
           
'Stmt_Function->returnType' => [')', false, ' : ', null],
           
'Stmt_If->else' => [null, false, ' ', null],
           
'Stmt_Namespace->name' => [\T_NAMESPACE, false, ' ', null],
           
'Stmt_Property->type' => [\T_VARIABLE, true, null, ' '],
           
'Stmt_PropertyProperty->default' => [null, false, ' = ', null],
           
'Stmt_Return->expr' => [\T_RETURN, false, ' ', null],
           
'Stmt_StaticVar->default' => [null, false, ' = ', null],
           
//'Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Alias->newName' => [T_AS, false, ' ', null], // TODO
           
'Stmt_TryCatch->finally' => [null, false, ' ', null],

           
// 'Expr_Exit->expr': Complicated due to optional ()
            // 'Stmt_Case->cond': Conversion from default to case
            // 'Stmt_Class->name': Unclear
            // 'Stmt_Declare->stmts': Not a proper node
            // 'Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Alias->newModifier': Not a proper node
       
];
    }

    protected function
initializeListInsertionMap() {
        if (
$this->listInsertionMap) return;

       
$this->listInsertionMap = [
           
// special
            //'Expr_ShellExec->parts' => '', // TODO These need to be treated more carefully
            //'Scalar_Encapsed->parts' => '',
           
'Stmt_Catch->types' => '|',
           
'UnionType->types' => '|',
           
'Stmt_If->elseifs' => ' ',
           
'Stmt_TryCatch->catches' => ' ',

           
// comma-separated lists
           
'Expr_Array->items' => ', ',
           
'Expr_ArrowFunction->params' => ', ',
           
'Expr_Closure->params' => ', ',
           
'Expr_Closure->uses' => ', ',
           
'Expr_FuncCall->args' => ', ',
           
'Expr_Isset->vars' => ', ',
           
'Expr_List->items' => ', ',
           
'Expr_MethodCall->args' => ', ',
           
'Expr_NullsafeMethodCall->args' => ', ',
           
'Expr_New->args' => ', ',
           
'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->args' => ', ',
           
'Expr_StaticCall->args' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_ClassConst->consts' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_ClassMethod->params' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_Class->implements' => ', ',
           
'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->implements' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_Const->consts' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_Declare->declares' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_Echo->exprs' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_For->init' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_For->cond' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_For->loop' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_Function->params' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_Global->vars' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_GroupUse->uses' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_Interface->extends' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_Match->arms' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_Property->props' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_StaticVar->vars' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_TraitUse->traits' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Precedence->insteadof' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_Unset->vars' => ', ',
           
'Stmt_Use->uses' => ', ',
           
'MatchArm->conds' => ', ',
           
'AttributeGroup->attrs' => ', ',

           
// statement lists
           
'Expr_Closure->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Case->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Catch->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Class->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Interface->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Trait->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_ClassMethod->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Declare->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Do->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_ElseIf->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Else->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Finally->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Foreach->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_For->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Function->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_If->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Namespace->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Class->attrGroups' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Interface->attrGroups' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Trait->attrGroups' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Function->attrGroups' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_ClassMethod->attrGroups' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_ClassConst->attrGroups' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_Property->attrGroups' => "\n",
           
'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->attrGroups' => ' ',
           
'Expr_Closure->attrGroups' => ' ',
           
'Expr_ArrowFunction->attrGroups' => ' ',
           
'Param->attrGroups' => ' ',
           
'Stmt_Switch->cases' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_TraitUse->adaptations' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_TryCatch->stmts' => "\n",
           
'Stmt_While->stmts' => "\n",

           
// dummy for top-level context
           
'File->stmts' => "\n",
        ];
    }

    protected function
initializeEmptyListInsertionMap() {
        if (
$this->emptyListInsertionMap) return;

       
// TODO Insertion into empty statement lists.

        // [$find, $extraLeft, $extraRight]
       
$this->emptyListInsertionMap = [
           
'Expr_ArrowFunction->params' => ['(', '', ''],
           
'Expr_Closure->uses' => [')', ' use(', ')'],
           
'Expr_Closure->params' => ['(', '', ''],
           
'Expr_FuncCall->args' => ['(', '', ''],
           
'Expr_MethodCall->args' => ['(', '', ''],
           
'Expr_NullsafeMethodCall->args' => ['(', '', ''],
           
'Expr_New->args' => ['(', '', ''],
           
'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->args' => ['(', '', ''],
           
'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->implements' => [null, ' implements ', ''],
           
'Expr_StaticCall->args' => ['(', '', ''],
           
'Stmt_Class->implements' => [null, ' implements ', ''],
           
'Stmt_ClassMethod->params' => ['(', '', ''],
           
'Stmt_Interface->extends' => [null, ' extends ', ''],
           
'Stmt_Function->params' => ['(', '', ''],

           
/* These cannot be empty to start with:
             * Expr_Isset->vars
             * Stmt_Catch->types
             * Stmt_Const->consts
             * Stmt_ClassConst->consts
             * Stmt_Declare->declares
             * Stmt_Echo->exprs
             * Stmt_Global->vars
             * Stmt_GroupUse->uses
             * Stmt_Property->props
             * Stmt_StaticVar->vars
             * Stmt_TraitUse->traits
             * Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Precedence->insteadof
             * Stmt_Unset->vars
             * Stmt_Use->uses
             * UnionType->types
             */

            /* TODO
             * Stmt_If->elseifs
             * Stmt_TryCatch->catches
             * Expr_Array->items
             * Expr_List->items
             * Stmt_For->init
             * Stmt_For->cond
             * Stmt_For->loop
             */
       
];
    }

    protected function
initializeModifierChangeMap() {
        if (
$this->modifierChangeMap) return;

       
$this->modifierChangeMap = [
           
'Stmt_ClassConst->flags' => \T_CONST,
           
'Stmt_ClassMethod->flags' => \T_FUNCTION,
           
'Stmt_Class->flags' => \T_CLASS,
           
'Stmt_Property->flags' => \T_VARIABLE,
           
'Param->flags' => \T_VARIABLE,
           
//'Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Alias->newModifier' => 0, // TODO
       
];

       
// List of integer subnodes that are not modifiers:
        // Expr_Include->type
        // Stmt_GroupUse->type
        // Stmt_Use->type
        // Stmt_UseUse->type
   
}
}